On the website American Merchant Marine at War www.usmm.org we have a list of 8,000 men and women held prisoner on the British prison ship Jersey in Wallabout Bay. Many were privateers, but there are others. Note left in query section 05/22/2001 by Toni Horodysky.
A similar page with additional information Memorial to martyred mariners rededicated
In
August
1997
a memorial service was held at Fort
Greene Park in Brooklyn, near the Brooklyn Navy Yard, rededicating
a monument to the men interred in a vault that lies below it. The
monument itself is an impressive tower that stands high above the park
with a lighthouse-like beacon on top. The original light was
extinguished
during World War II as a wartime security measure, and it would not be
relit until last Saturday when a new solar-powered eternal beacon was
turned
on as part of the ceremony. The intention is for the light to shine
forever
as a symbol that, as the monument's motto promises, "They Shall Not
Be Forgotten."
The men honored by the memorial and who lie beneath
it are victims of one of the most terrifying acts of inhumanity to have
occurred in America. They are the merchant seamen and privateers who
served
valiantly
on
the
side of the colonials in the Revolution and who
died under barbaric circumstances. All were crew members of the
thousands
of merchant ships which sailed as privateers from the ports of the
American
colonies to attack and seize British ships. Privately owned and
privately
armed, these merchant ships made an invaluable contribution to the
victory
of the colonists in the War of Independence. Their crews were the
predecessors
of the heroic members of the Merchant Marine who would fight for the
United
States in future wars.
The privateers carried the newly-created American
flag to all the ports of the world, attacking and capturing thousands
of
His Majesty's vessels whose cargoes were then sold to support the
colonial
militias in their battle against the British.
Fewer than half of the privateers would survive
and return home. Thousands of their courageous seamen were captured by
the British and offered their choice of joining the British Navy in the
war or going to prison. The overwhelming majority chose to go to jail
rather
than turn against their friends, families and new nation.
Pitifully few of the captured American seamen survived the conditions
of their imprisonment aboard the royal jail vessels which were moored
along
the Brooklyn waterfront.
In 1780 the British had anchored a flotilla of 12
former men-of-war and hospital ships in Brooklyn's Wallabout Bay.
Crowded
together in the most unsanitary circumstances, prisoners were given
little
food, no medical attention and a great deal of abuse and neglect, all
as
an incentive for them to change their minds and join the King's
Navy.
Aboard the filthy ships, disease was rampant. The corpses of those who
died on the prison vessels in New York Harbor - a total of between 11,500
and
12,500
men
- were either rowed to shore and placed in shallow
graves
or unceremoniously tossed overboard by their British captors.
The worst of these prison ships was the H. M. S.
Jersey, a decommissioned warship, on which 1,100 men were crowded
together
between decks. About a dozen prisoners died each night aboard the
Jersey
from dysentery, typhoid, smallpox, yellow fever, food poisoning,
starvation
and torture. When the war ended in 1783, aboard the entire prison fleet
there were only 1,400 survivors, all of them ill and emaciated.
After the Revolution ended, the newly-formed U.S.
Navy occupied the Brooklyn Navy Yard site on Wallabout Bay. When the
Navy
began expanding the yard, the remains of thousands of these sailors
were
found in the muddy bottom as the bay was dredged to build new drydocks.
In 1808, as much of the remains as possible were dug up and reburied on
the grounds of the nearby John Jackson estate.
In 1844 the first Prison Ship Martyrs Monument was
erected near Hudson Avenue, but it soon fell into disrepair, and a new
memorial was planned. Fort Greene Park, where the vault would finally
be
placed. . . was originally the site of Fort Putnam during the
Revolution.
When the War of 1812 broke out and New York City feared another
invasion
by British ships, the hill was again fortified and renamed Fort Greene
in honor of Revolutionary General Nathaniel Greene.
In 1868 famed landscape architects Frederick Law
Olmsted and Calvert Vaux. . . converted the 30 acres of hillside and
the
old fortress into an elegant public space. In 1873 the remains of the
sailors
were transferred from the former Jackson estate to a crypt under the
stairway
of the planned monument.